Jack H. Taylor
Jack H. Taylor, född Jack Hedrick Taylor 1908, avliden (årtal okänt). Amerikansk löjtnant i United States Navy. Tjänstgjorde för The Maritime Unit, Office of Strategic Services Detachment, United States Armed Forces i Mellanöstern från september 1943 till mars 1944. Ingick i en grupp på fyra man som den 13 oktober 1944 med fallskärm landade i Österrike för att bedriva underrättelseverksamhet. De övriga tre männen var avhoppade österrikare. Tillfångatogs natten mellan den 30 november och 1 december av Gestapo då gruppen försökte ta sig till Italien. Hölls fånge i Wien fram till den 1 april 1945 då han förflyttades till koncentrationslägret Mauthausen som han beskriver som ett utrotningsläger. Medverkar i filmen Nazi Concentration Camps.
Innehåll
Vittnesmål om Mauthausen
Taylor vittnade för den internationella militärtribunalen om sina upplevelser i Mauthausen. Under sin korta vistelse i lägret ska Taylor enligt egna uppgifter ha hunnit införskaffa sig information som hade betydelse för de juridiska processer som följde på andra världskriget, bland annat om olika övergrepp och avrättningsmetoder. Inför Nürnbergrättegångarna vittnade Taylor:
- "In October '44, I was the first Allied officer to drop onto Austria. I was captured December 1st, by the Gestapo, severely beaten, ah, even though I was in uniform, severely beaten, and, and, considered as a non-prisoner of war. I was taken to Vienna prison where I was held for four months. When the Russians neared Vienna, I was taken to this Mauthausen concentration lager [camp], an extermination camp, the worst in Germany, where we have been starving and, and beaten and killed, ah, fortunately, my turn hadn't come. Ah, two American officers at least have been executed here. Here is the insignia of one, a U.S. naval officer, and here is his dog tag. Here is the army officer, executed by gas in this lager [camp]. Ah...there were...
- [Question: "How many ways did they execute them?"]
- Five or six ways: by gas, by shooting, by beating, that is beating with clubs, ah, by exposure, that is standing out in the snow, naked, for 48 hours and having cold water put on them, thrown on them in the middle of winter, starvation, dogs, and pushing over a hundred-foot cliff."
I sitt vittnesmål inför den amerikanska militärtribunalen i Dachau uppgav Taylor fler metoder som användes för avrättning i lägret:
- "Gassing, hanging, shooting, beating. There was one particular group of Dutch Jews who were beaten until they jumped over the cliff into the stone quarry. Some that were not killed on the first fall were taken back up and thrown over to be sure. Then there was exposure. Any new transport coming in was forced to stand out in the open, regardless of the time of the year, practically naked. Other forms of killing included clubbing to death with axes or hammers and so forth, tearing to pieces by dogs specially trained for the purpose, injections into the heart and veins with magnesium chloride or benzene, whippings with a cow-tail to tear the flesh away, mashing in a concrete mixer, forcing them to drink a great quantity of water and jumping on the stomach while the prisoner was lying on his back, freezing half-naked in subzero temperatures, buried alive, red-hot poker down the throat. I remember a very prominent Czech general who was held down in the shower room and had a hose forced down his throat. He drowned that way."
Hemliga koder i registren
I ett skriftligt vittnesmål uppger Taylor att prickar i lägrets register är hemligt kodspråk. Lägeradministrationen ska enligt Taylor ha gjort markeringar i registren för att antyda att den angivna dödsorsaken i själva verket var en annan, vilket markerades med olika tecken.
Räddades av annan fånge i lägret
Enligt egna uppgifter ska Taylor ha blivit schemalagd för avrättning den 28 april tillsammans med 27 andra fångar från Block 13. En tjeckisk fånge vid namn Mylos, som av okänd anledning hade tillgång till lägrets register, tog emellertid bort avrättningsordern och räddade på så vis livet på Taylor.
Externa länkar
- The Mauthausen Concentration Camp Complex: World War II and Postwar Records, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 2008
- Lt. Cmdr. Jack H. Taylor, America’s first Navy SEAL
- USHMM - A witness testifies for the prosecution at the trial of 61 former camp personnel and prisoners from Mauthausen. [Photograph #11714]