E Pluribus Unum (studie)
E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century, är titeln på en studie utförd av Robert D. Putnam, professor i statsvetenskap vid Harvard University, USA. Putnams studie visar att invandring skapar spänningar i ett samhälle, bland annat genom social isolering. Studien visar även att människor från olika folkgrupper misstänkliggör varandra i större utsträckning i mångkulturella samhällen, medan det omvända gäller för mer etniskt homogena samhällen.
Citat från E Pluribus Unum
"The differences across our 41 sites are very substantial in absolute terms. In highly diverse Los Angeles or San Francisco, for example, roughly 30 percent of the inhabitants say that they trust their neighbours ‘a lot’, whereas in the ethnically homogeneous communities of North and South Dakota, 70–80 percent of the inhabitants say the same. In more diverse communities, people trust their neighbours less."
"Diversity does not produce ‘bad race relations’ or ethnically-defined group hostility, our findings suggest. Rather, inhabitants of diverse communities tend to withdraw from collective life, to distrust their neighbours, regardless of the colour of their skin, to withdraw even from close friends, to expect the worst from their community and its leaders, to volunteer less, give less to charity and work on community projects less often, to register to vote less, to agitate for social reform more, but have less faith that they can actually make a difference, and to huddle unhappily in front of the television. Note that this pattern encompasses attitudes and behavior, bridging and bonding social capital, public and private connections. Diversity, at least in the short run, seems to bring out the turtle in all of us."
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