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1. These groups were ambiguously described as “species or races.”
2. These were Linnaeus' four geographic varieties of “Homo sapiens.”
3. Buffon's major geographic races were: European, American (“Thus, the whole continent of America contains but one race of men”), East Asian (our term) (Chinese, Japanese, south Asians – e.g., “inhabitants of the kingdoms of Pegu and Aracan differ not from those of China and Siam”), Malay (Austronesians: “The people of Malacca, Sumatra, and the small adjacent islands”), Negros (S.S. Africans excluding Ethiopians), and Tartars/Lapp (all extreme northern peoples e.g., Danes and Siberians).
4. Kant considered American Indians to be a race derived from Mongoloids; he felt that they were not differentiated enough to be classed as a base race – Amerindians, we are told, “appear to be a Hunnish race that is not fully acclimated.” Kant's base races were: White (West Eurasians excluding South Asians), Negro (S.S. Africans and Negritos), Hunnish or Mongolish (East Asian), Hindustani (South Asian).
5. In his third edition, Blumenbach includes Lapps with Mongolians. The Malay race included: “Pacific Archipelago … the New Zealanders ... The other who inhabit New Caledonia, Tanna, and the New Hebrides …”
6. These are Cuvier’s (1828) primary races as noted in Barbujani and Colonna (2010).
7. Huxley's four great types were: Australoid (Australian Aborigines), Negroid (S.S. Africans, Bushmen, and Negritos), Xanthrachroid (fair Europeans), Mongoloid (Laplanders to Siamese along with non-Negrito S.E. Asians). He criticized the classification of “Caucasian” on the grounds that it lumped his Xanthrachroid with his Melanchroid. Melanchroid – or “dark whites” – were thought to be Xanthrachroid- Australoid hybrids.
8. Coon's Capoids are Khoe–San/Bushmen.
9. Garn's 1965 races were: European (West Eurasians, minus South Asians), Indian (South Asians), African (S.S. Africans), Australian (Australians), Asiatic (East Asians), Micronesian, and Polynesian.
10. The pacific Islanders of Risch et al. (2002) included “for example, Australian, New Guinean, and Melanesian.”

Image and text from: John Fuerst. (2015). The Nature of Race: the Genealogy of the Concept and the Biological Construct’s Contemporaneous Utility. Submitted: December 25, 2014. Published: June 18, 2015. Open Behavioral Genetics. http://openpsych.net/OBG/2015/06/the-nature-of-race/

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